NHWP+Unit+10

**Grammar Points ** 


 * [1] Verb Patterns **
 * Verb + - ing **

Everyone loves go**__ ing __** to parties. He finished read**__ ing __** his book. I like work **__ing__** as a teacher = I am a teacher and I enjoy it. I love danc **__ing__**. = This is one of my hobbies. I enjoy **__going__** abroad. We like go **__ing__** to Italy for our holidays. Do you enjoy learn **__ing__** English ? What do you like mak **__ing__** ?

**Verb + to + infinitive**  I'd like **__to be__**  a teacher. = When I grow up, I want **__to be__** a teacher. Thank you. I'd love **__to dance__** . = We're at a disco. I'm pleased that you asked me. They want **__to buy__** a new car. I'd like **__to go__**  abroad. I hope <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__to go__** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> abroad. I'd love **__to go__** abroad. I want **__to__** **__live__** in a hot country. = I'd like **__to__** **__live__** in a hot country. I hope **__to__** **__see__** you again soon. What do you want **__to study__** ? What would like **__to do__** tonight

<span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ffff00; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">**Verb + -ing OR to** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> It began to rain = It began raining. I continued to work in the library= I continued working in the library When did you start **__to get them__**? = When did you start gett**__ing__** them?

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Have something to eat. I've got nothing to do. There's nowhere to hide.
 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ffff00; display: block; font-size: 144%; text-align: center;">Verb + compounds + infinitive **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">I can't **__go__** abroad. I can **__go__** home early tonight.
 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ffff00; display: block; font-size: 144%; text-align: center;">Modal verb + infinitive without to **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We're thinking of mov**__ing__** house I'm looking forward to hav**__ing__** more free time. I'm looking forward to go**__ing__** abroad. I'm thinking of go**__ing__** abroad. We're thinking of go**__ing__** to Italy for our holidays. We're thinking of hav**__ing__** a few days off soon. We're looking forward to hav**__ing__** a few days off soon. Where are you thinking of go**__ing__** ?
 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ffff00; display: block; font-size: 144%; text-align: center;">Verb + Preposition + -ing **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">More on verb patterns from BBC|| Learning English

[|Practice 1] <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Practice 2 Practice 3 Practice 4 Practice 5

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">**<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: left;">[2] Used To ** //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Example: I used to go to the beach every day. //** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences using [|Simple Past]. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now. Examples: > <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Used to" can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. Examples: > <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Both [|Simple Past] and "Used to" can be used to describe past habits, past facts and past generalizations; however, "used to" is preferred when emphasizing these forms of past repetition in positive sentences. On the other hand, when asking questions or making negative sentences, [|Simple Past] is preferred. Examples:
 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ffff00; display: block; font-size: 144%; text-align: center;">Used to + Verb
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">USE 1 Habit in the Past **
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jerry used to study English. //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer. //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//I used to start work at 9 o'clock.//
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">USE 2 Past Facts and Generalizations **
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">I used to live in Paris. //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Sarah used to be fat, but now she is thin. //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is the best. //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Oranges used to cost very little in Florida, but now they are quite expensive. //
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">"Used to" vs. Simple Past **
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">You used to play the piano. //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Did you play the piano when you were young? //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">You did not play the piano when you were young. //

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**More on Used to at BBC| Learning English**

Practice 1 Practice 2 Practice 3 Practice 4 Practice 5 Practice 6

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">**<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 180%; text-align: left;">[3] The Infinitive <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;"> Recognize the infinitive when you see one ** <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 154%;">When to use the infinitive <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The infinitive form is used after **certain verbs**: <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">

//- forget, help, learn, teach, train - choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like - agree, encourage, pretend, promise, recommend - allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse// <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The infinitive form is always used after **adjectives**, for example: //- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised// <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">This includes **too + adjective**: <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The infinitive form is used after **adjective + enough**: <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Practice 1 Practice 2 Practice 3 Practice 4 Practice 5 Practice 6
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">I **forgot** __to close__ the window.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Mary **needs** __to leave__ early.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Why are they **encouraged** __to learn__ English?
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We **can't afford** __to take__ a long holiday.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">I was **happy** __to help__ them.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">She will be **delighted** __to see__ you.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The water was **too cold** __to swim__ in.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Is your coffee **too hot** __to drink__?
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">He was **strong enough** __to lift__ it.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">She is **rich enough** __to buy__ two.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">** Vocabulary **


 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ffff00; display: block; font-size: 144%; text-align: center;">-ed and -ing Adjectives **
 * <span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> We use adjectives that end up with -ed to __ express feelings. __  **
 * <span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> __example:__ I feel bor__ ed __ when I listen to classical music. **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">
 * We use adjectives that end up with -ing to __ describe places, things, activities ... __ **
 * <span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"> __example:__ they had a tir__ ing __ trip. **

**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The //-ed// ending adjectives are often followed by prepositions (these are not the only choices): **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were amazed **at** all the circus animals.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were amused **by** the clowns.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were annoyed **by** the elephants.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were bored **by** the ringmaster.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were confused **by** the noise.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were disappointed **by** the motorcycle daredevils.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were disappointed **in** their performance.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were embarrassed **by** my brother.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were exhausted **from** all the excitement.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were excited **by** the lion-tamer.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were excited **about** the high-wire act, too.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were frightened **by** the lions.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were introduced **to** the ringmaster.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were interested **in** the tent.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were irritated **by** the heat.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were opposed **to** leaving early.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were satisfied **with** the circus.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were shocked **at** the level of noise under the big tent.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were surprised **by** the fans' response.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were surprised **at** their indifference.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were tired **of** all the lights after a while.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">We were worried **about** the traffic leaving the parking lot.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> -ed and -ing adjectives list More on -ed and -ing adjectives at BBC Learning English | Grammar Challenge <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">All about adjectives.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Practice 1 Practice 2 Practice 3 Practice 4 Practice 5 Practice 6 <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Practice 7

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